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Glasgow / Online
November 24–25, 2021
Preface:
We are now living in a mobile information era, which is fundamentally
changing science and society. Location Based Services (LBS), which deliver
information depending on the location and context of the (mobile) device
and user, play a key role in this mobile information era. In recent years, lots
of progress has been achieved in the research field of LBS, due to the
increasingly maturity of the underpinning communication technologies and
mobile devices. LBS have become more and more popular in not only
citywide outdoor environments, but also shopping malls, museums, and
many other indoor environments. They have been applied for emergency
services, tourism services, intelligent transport services, social networking,
gaming, assistive services, etc.
Since its initiation by Georg Gartner from TU Wien in 2002, the LBS
conference series has become one of the most important scientific events
decided to LBS. The conferences have been held in Vienna (2002, 2004,
2005), Hong Kong (2007), Salzburg (2008), Nottingham (2009),
Guangzhou (2010), Vienna (2011), Munich (2012), Shanghai (2013), Vienna
(2014), Augsburg (2015), Vienna (2016), Zurich (2018), Vienna (2019).
Starting from 2015, the LBS conferences have become the annual event of
the Commission on Location Based Services of the International
Cartographic Association (ICA). In November 2021, the 16th LBS
conference (LBS 2021) will be hosted by the University of Glasgow.
The conference proceedings contain a selection of short papers submitted
to LBS 2021. The book provides a general picture of recent research
activities related to the domain of LBS. Such activities emerged in the last
years, especially concerning issues of outdoor/indoor positioning,
wayfinding and navigation systems, location tracking, mobility and activity
analytics, social media, usability and privacy, and innovative LBS systems
We would like to thank all the authors for their excellent work. We hope
you enjoy reading these papers, and look forward to your participation in
the future LBS conferences.
Anahid Basiri, Georg Gartner and Haosheng Huang
November 2021 in Glasgow, UK, Vienna, Austria and Ghent, Belgium
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