<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Werkovits, S., Bacher, M., Theiner, J., Rosenau, T., & Grothe, H. (2022). Multi-spectroscopic characterization of bitumen and its polarity-based fractions. <i>Construction and Building Materials</i>, <i>352</i>, Article 128992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128992</div>
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dc.identifier.issn
0950-0618
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dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/135975
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dc.description.abstract
Bitumen contains a complex mixture of molecules, ranging from simple linear alkanes to complex polyaromatic systems. Used in road construction, those structures are permanently influenced by atmospheric processes, which result in oxidation, degradation, loss of volatiles and structural rearrangements. In order to understand those molecular changes, a profound description of the unaltered system is needed. In this study, structural and chemical peculiarities of bitumen and its polarity-based fractions were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in combination with infrared/fluorescence spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The bitumen sample was separated into saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes. Elemental analysis provided insights into variations of heteroatom content and hydrogen-carbon ratio among the fractions. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed an increase in the aromatic condensation degree with rising polarity. The combination of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and elemental analysis facilitated the assessment of length and branching extent of aliphatic side chains, throughout the fractions. Another 2D NMR technique, heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) found evidence for minor contributions of carboxylic esters or amides within the resins. Hydroxyl and amino groups were analysed by ³¹P NMR after derivatization, revealing minor amounts of alcohols, amides and carboxylic acids in the most polar fractions. Additionally, diffusion ordered spectroscopy was carried out to obtain estimations on average molecular sizes and weights. Applying in-depth NMR analysis to bitumen and combining it with complementary analytical techniques, this study provides a unique basis for future ageing studies and demonstrates how multi-spectroscopy can give new insights into bitumen structure and chemistry.
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dc.description.sponsorship
CDG Christian Doppler Forschungsgesellschaft
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dc.language.iso
en
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dc.publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
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dc.relation.ispartof
Construction and Building Materials
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dc.subject
³¹P NMR
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dc.subject
Bitumen
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dc.subject
DOSY
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dc.subject
Elemental analysis
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dc.subject
Fluorescence spectroscopy
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dc.subject
HMBC
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dc.subject
HSQC
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dc.subject
Infrared spectroscopy
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dc.subject
NMR
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dc.subject
SARA fractions
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dc.title
Multi-spectroscopic characterization of bitumen and its polarity-based fractions