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<div class="csl-entry">Wilhelm, R. A. (2022). The charge exchange of slow highly charged ions at surfaces unraveled with freestanding 2D materials. <i>Surface Science Reports</i>, <i>77</i>(4), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2022.100577</div>
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dc.identifier.issn
0167-5729
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dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/137042
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dc.description.abstract
The property of a variable charge state makes ions unique to other types of radiation a material surface can be exposed to. As a consequence of charge exchange between ions and surfaces, energy is transferred to the surface and material damage may be triggered. Furthermore, a changing charge state of the ion alters its slowing down process in solids and has important implications when back-scattered ions are to be measured for material analysis purposes. Over the last decades extensive research was devoted to the understanding of ion charge exchange with solids. Here I review recent progress in this field with special emphasize on slow ions in high charge states. This class of ions allows a detailed analysis of charge exchange in experiments, which employ also ultra-thin solid targets and therefore give experimental access to electronic processes on the femtosecond timescale. In this review I will discuss general properties of charge exchange and present typical experimental techniques. I will also discuss current developments in the modelling and simulation of ion-surface interaction. Recent findings using freestanding 2D materials are discussed as well as results from spectroscopy of emitted secondary particles. The paper concludes with a unified picture of ion charge exchange at surfaces and presents possible applications based on the understanding of the underlying physics.
en
dc.language.iso
en
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dc.publisher
ELSEVIER
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dc.relation.ispartof
Surface Science Reports
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dc.subject
2d material
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dc.subject
Charge exchange
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dc.subject
Energy loss
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dc.subject
Highly charged ions
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dc.subject
ion beams
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dc.subject
Stopping power
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dc.subject
van-der-waals heterostructures
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dc.title
The charge exchange of slow highly charged ions at surfaces unraveled with freestanding 2D materials