<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Groetsch, A., Stelzl, S., Nagel, Y., Kochetkova, T., Scherrer, N. C., Ovsianikov, A., Michler, J., Pethö, L., Siqueira, G., Nyström, G., & Schwiedrzik, J. (2023). Microscale 3D Printing and Tuning of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites. <i>Small</i>, <i>19</i>(3), 2202470. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202202470</div>
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dc.identifier.issn
1613-6810
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dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/142054
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dc.description.abstract
The increasing demand for functional materials and an efficient use of sustainable resources makes the search for new material systems an ever growing endeavor. With this respect, architected (meta-)materials attract considerable interest. Their fabrication at the micro- and nanoscale, however, remains a challenge, especially for composites with highly different phases and unmodified reinforcement fillers. This study demonstrates that it is possible to create a non-cytotoxic nanocomposite ink reinforced by a sustainable phase, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), to print and tune complex 3D architectures using two-photon polymerization, thus, advancing the state of knowledge toward the microscale. Micro-compression, high-res scanning electron microscopy, (polarised) Raman spectroscopy, and composite modeling are used to study the structure-property relationships. A 100% stiffness increase is observed already at 4.5 wt% CNC while reaching a high photo-polymerization degree of ≈80% for both neat polymers and CNC-composites. Polarized Raman and the Halpin-Tsai composite-model suggest a random CNC orientation within the polymer matrix. The microscale approach can be used to tune arbitrary small scale CNC-reinforced polymer-composites with comparable feature sizes. The new insights pave the way for future applications where the 3D printing of small structures is essential to improve performances of tissue-scaffolds, extend bio-electronics applications or tailor microscale energy-absorption devices.
en
dc.language.iso
en
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dc.publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
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dc.relation.ispartof
Small
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dc.subject
Halpin-Tsai composite model
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dc.subject
cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
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dc.subject
degree of conversion
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dc.subject
micromechanics
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dc.subject
microscale 3D printing (two-photon polymerization)
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dc.subject
reinforced polymer nanocomposites
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dc.subject
sustainable reinforcements
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dc.title
Microscale 3D Printing and Tuning of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites