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<div class="csl-entry">Tripkovic, S., Svoboda, P., & Rupp, M. (2022). Benchmarking of Mobile Communications in High-Speed Scenarios: Active vs. Passive Modifications in High-Speed Trains. In <i>Proceedings 2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)</i> (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860953</div>
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dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/146148
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dc.description.abstract
Cellular networks are the information backbone of nomadic societies commuting between different places. Providing reliable connections for commuters is one of the main challenges for today's railroad operators, who deploy different solutions to their railroad cars. In this paper, we present a benchmarking methodology for comparing different solutions in an operational network under the regular operation of the cabin. We avoid confounding in the result by conducting spatial interpolation and mapping onto a reference path combined with path segmentation. We further cluster the data according to landscape class to make the results more comparable. To validate our approach, we conducted a test run along the 490km Vienna-Innsbruck rail while onboard a prototypical empty train. The train under the test provided three differently configured cabins regarding wireless communications, namely, standard windows, the first generation of modified windows, and a repeater deployment. We placed two phones in identical positions inside each cabin and compared the measurement results with the data collected using an outside antenna. The statistical analysis of the LTE signal data collected while the train was running along the track shows that the data collected from different test runs can be aggregated even when the train runs in opposite directions. Further, the statistical analysis of the per-seat measurements reveals that the measurements at different positions can be accumulated. The vehicle penetration loss can passively be tuned by modifying the window coating. The passive solutions do not change the overall distribution and differ only by the delta of the window attenuation in the observed scenario. This simplifies future refurbishment planning, as improvements can be deduced from current measurements. The performance of the active solution, which on average outperforms the passive one, is limited by the maximum output power of the chosen repeater system. In areas with excellent coverage, the passive solution outperforms the active one. Future developments in coating modifications might enable similar performance in areas of moderate coverage.
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dc.language.iso
en
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dc.subject
amplify-and-forward repeaters
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dc.subject
frequency selective surface
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dc.subject
high-speed train
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dc.subject
LTE
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dc.subject
RSRP
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dc.subject
VPL
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dc.title
Benchmarking of Mobile Communications in High-Speed Scenarios: Active vs. Passive Modifications in High-Speed Trains