dc.description.abstract
Quinacridones (QNCs) are known as highly stable, organic pigments of red-violet shades. Their strong intermolecular interactions (both H-bonding and π-stacking) lead to outstanding thermal and chemical stability, as well as intriguing optical properties. This makes the QNC core a remarkable scaffold for a whole range of applications, e.g., in organic electronics. To fully exploit and tune these properties, structural modification is often required. As a result, a broad range of quinacridone derivatives has already been presented in literature. However, a gap towards N-based substitution patterns, specifically primary amines, was identified in a conclusive search on SciFinder for substructures of QNC. Attaching primary amines to the QNC core may have the potential to increase the accessible chemical space via further linkage possibilities such as amides or imides.The aim of the first part of this thesis was to synthesize diamino-quinacridones with primary amines in different positions. This was tackled by employing different phenylenediamine precursors with different substitution patterns. Furthermore, the influence of the primary amines on the properties of the QNC derivative was intended to be studied. For this purpose, a mild three-step one-pot synthesis procedure presented by SIKKEMA for the structurally similar 3,10-diamino-2,9-dihydroxy-quinacridone was applied. [D. J. Sikkema, Synthesis 1993, 1993(12), 1211-1212.] 3,10-diamino-quinacridone was successfully synthesized and thoroughly characterized with several methods. For 2,9- and 4,11-diamino-quinacridone, valuable information was obtained through preliminary experiments, yet, the compounds could not be synthesized.In the second part of this thesis, the suitability of 3,10-diamino-quinacridone as a structural component for novel polyimides was tested. To the author’s best knowledge, no QNC-based polyimides have been reported in literature yet. The QNC core provides an intriguing chance for solid-state assembly through discrete non-covalent interactions, i.e., intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Recent literature presented the use of high-temperature water, i.e., water above boiling point in a confined space, as an inherently green reaction medium for condensation reactions towards heterocycles. This synthetic strategy has been successfully employed for several small molecules as well as polymers, such as polyimides, providing an alternative to the use of toxic and expensive solvents. As a further advantage, product crystallization is often facilitated compared to alternative synthesis routes. In this work, 3,10-diamino-quinacridone was subjected to different hydrothermal conditions together with four different aromatic anhydrides as reaction partners. The obtained product mixtures, referred to as quinacridone imide materials, were thoroughly characterized with solid-state techniques such as ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD, and SEM. In some cases, solution NMR spectroscopy was possible to be applied in addition. For all cases, cyclic imide formation was observed, albeit with typically low conversion supposedly due to solubility limitations. A hypothesis was formulated to explain the characteristic behavior of these solid solutions.
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