Khoshelham, K. (2021). Sensors for Parking Occupancy Detection. In S. Winter & S. Goel (Eds.), Smart Parking in Fast-Growing Cities (pp. 132–142). TU Wien Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.34727/2021/isbn.978-3-85448-045-7_10
This chapter provides an overview of sensor technologies and methodologies for determining the
occupancy of parking spaces. It covers a range of sensors including active and passive sensors that
can be installed overhead, in or on the ground in both indoor and outdoor environments. The chapter
also provides a comparison of sensors, and discusses considerations for sensor selection and open
challenges in parking occupancy detection.