dc.description.abstract
The subject matter of this study is the structural changes made to Christian religious buildings in Austria caused by secular use.<br />Germany has been taken as the basis for a comparison with the situation in Europe as a whole.<br />In methodological terms, the work is based on the inventorisation and analysis of the Austrian examples from the point of view of monument preservation, architecture, function and commerce. In total, 71 items were recorded, summarised in a catalogue volume (Vol. 2).<br />The topic has been covered in seven chapters (Vol. 1): An introduction, examining inter alia the state of research and of the sources (Chapter 1), followed by definitions of religious building, churches as holy places and the ethical problem (Chapter 2). As a development of the theoretical basis, a separate chapter is devoted to the historical development of secularisation in Austria (Chapter 3). The central chapter of the thesis is an analysis of the inventory of secularised church buildings in Austria. Inter alia, the time of secularisation, types of use, condition of the building and historical appearance are examined and considered in the overall context. This analysis includes general theoretical approaches to monument preservation, which are also of value in a consideration of church buildings. The questions of values, risk, protection and preservation of buildings constitute major basis for implementation in practice. In addition, the study presents detailed solutions from the fields of technical installations, external appearance, interior spaces, furnishings, etc., each related to the inventory of churches in secular use in Austria (Chapter 4). As part of a European survey, the study examines the situation of churches in new use in Germany (Chapter 5). The experienced gained can show trends and a forecast for the situation in Austria (Chapter 6). The study finishes with a guideline for handling the new use of churches (Chapter 7). There is a comprehensive list of literature and sources at the end of the dissertation (Chapter 8).<br />In the past, structural interventions for the secular use of sacred space were not always marked by respect for the historical church or by ethical considerations. Instead, the focus was on the use of an existing building shell, primarily for the public sector, as churches to live in or for storage purposes. Major changes to the façade, including complete redesigns, demolition of church towers, horizontal and vertical divisions of the interior, the destruction of architectural details and the sale of artistic fittings indicate a use-focussed adaptation without respect for the building. Recent changes of use generally also show the importance of the developer. Buildings in private ownership, given the lack of control possibilities, appear to be more at risk in architectural terms.<br />Diminished financial resources and uncertainty about handling historical buildings lead to wrong decisions and inappropriate conversion work - often carried out without any supervision. For churches in public ownership, preference is given to cultural uses, a fact that also has a positive effect in architectural terms. Repeatedly, structures once thought lost are rediscovered, and the spaces as a whole can be experienced once again.<br />While in Austria, the conversion of churches is rare, the issue has become a very topical one at the level of Europe as a whole.<br />Austria lacks guidelines and aids to orientation for the handling of secularised churches. Since the issue is insufficiently known amongst the public, there is usually no knowledge of examples for comparison.<br />Even though, from the point of view of monument preservation, there is no standard solution for handling churches in secular use, the guidelines developed within the framework of this study can nevertheless be regarded as a useful checklist that ought to be taken into consideration before starting any new use of a church building.
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