Engineered Materials: Bioinspired “Good Enough” versus Maximized Performance

Abstract

Utilizing various materials is fundamental for the production of physical objects. However, processing raw materials during production often leads to complex transformations that hinder the recyclability of modern high-performance materials. These materials possess increased durability and resilience, challenging their decomposition and limiting their potential for recycling and reuse. In contrast, living Nature manages material utilization without such complications. The emerging discipline of Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) shifts the focus to self-repairing, self-supporting growing materials, emphasizing overall sustainability. To effectively address the challenges associated with high-performance materials, the design process must incorporate considerations of recycling and decomposition from the outset. Environmental challenges associated with material utilization can be addressed by reevaluating material design and prioritizing recycling, decomposition, and embracing Nature’s “good enough” principle. The transition toward sustainable resource management requires substantial investment in scientific research that explores the mechanisms by which life sustains itself using solely local resources. Biomimetics and ELMs offer valuable insights, but a deeper understanding of how Nature efficiently utilizes resources is crucial. The integration of engineering advantages not identified in Nature, such as product sub-unit reuse, can complement these efforts. Paving the way toward a sustainable future requires a comprehensive approach rooted in biological evolution and innovative scientific research.