dc.description.abstract
Nitride coatings with good mechanical properties, chemical inertness, thermal stability have been well-established in the machining industry. Similarly, the transition metal diborides (TMB2s) exhibiting high hardness, good electrical conductivity, and high-temperature inertness have been regarded as promising functional materials of next generation.Among the nitrides, (Ti,Al)N coatings are the most widely used material system as protective layers for tools due to their exceptional mechanical properties and thermals stability. Nevertheless, the application of (Ti,Al)N coatings is limited in severe circumstances like dry and high-speed cutting due to relatively low oxidation resistance. This thesis aims for improving the performance of (Ti,Al)N coatings by alloying and multilayer architecture. By adding Nb and Ta, which are predicted to be promising for a comprehensive upgrade of the properties of (Ti,Al)N coatings, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and oxidation resistance are significantly improved. Especially, the calculated energy of formation difference and lattice mismatch by ab initio nicely explain the thermal decomposition of Nb- and Ta- alloyed (Ti,Al)N coatings. Furthermore, the spinodal decomposition behaviors of (Ti,Al)N/TiN multilayer are comparatively studied by experiments and ab initio calculations, with reference to (Ti,Al)N coating. (Ti,Al)N/TiN multilayer exhibits a unique layered arrangement of Al-rich and Ti-rich domains parallel to the original interfaces among sublayers. The experimental results obtained are nicely supported by ab initio calculations, which suggest a preferential diffusion of Al from the coherent (Ti,Al)N–TiN interface towards the middle of (Ti,Al)N. Despite the promoted formation of wurtzite (w-) AlN, (Ti,Al)N/TiN multilayer exhibits more pronounced age hardening and milder declining trend of hardness at high temperature compared with (Ti,Al)N. For another, on the example of yet un-synthesized solid solution (Ta1-x,Alx)By (x=0-0.48, y=1.23-2.29) coatings, the effects for boron stoichiometry including angular distribution of the sputtered species, their scattering in the gas phase, re-sputtering and potential evaporation during deposition are identified based on previous work, experiments and simulations. Additionally, the formation energies of vacancies and competing phases are proposed as factors for film phase constitution. These films all reveal α-(Ta,Al)B2 as the dominant phase, with decreasing hardness and elastic modulus following the x increase. AlBx (x=1.99, 1.97, 2.27) coatings with AlB2-type α structure are successfully synthesized by nonreactive magnetron sputtering. The AlBx coatings have relatively low hardness (14.5-19.2 GPa). Among these coatings, the highly (0001)-oriented AlB2.27 thin film exhibits small platelet-like amorphous B regions next to the large columnar α-AlB2 grains. Moreover, the AlB2.27 thin film maintains its AlB2 structure during annealing up to ~950 °C, and shows an oxidation onset temperature between 950 and 1000 °C.
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