Architecture & technology as main contributors in suicide prevention in psychiatric hospitals

Abstract

This master thesis identifies and analyzes current state and challenges related to architectural design and application of technology in architecture related to suicide prevention inside of mental healthcare facilities. Furthermore, it contributes with a design framework built using research methodology based on qualitative research methods. The conducted background research showed a significant gap in the potential of architecture as a suicide prevention measure and already existing architectural designs of psychiatric hospitals. Following the history of mental health facilities through the literature analysis, it is revealing that the potential of a physical space has not been sufficiently used and this is noticeable both in the literature of an earlier and modern time.This thesis examines the potential of combining architecture and technology, proposing a design framework that is validated through a case study centered on the spatial redesign of the Psychiatric Clinic Hietzing in Vienna, with the objective of suicide prevention. By developing this framework based on research findings, the thesis aspires to make a substantive contribution to the evolving field of evidence-based design. The main purpose of this thesis is answering the question, “Can architecture and technology prevent suicide?”. The methodology of this research uses qualitative research methods and includes literature review, case studies, interviews with experts from Hietzing hospital, and observations conducted inside this hospital. Based on this, a design framework was formed, which was used as a foundation for the suggested redesign of certain parts of this hospital, selected as suitable for suicide prevention and forming a healing environment, and validated by the interviewed experts.The qualitative research design and proposed design framework consider applying architectural interventions and technology in three different cases. The first focuses on patient rooms, incorporating sensors and new technologies. The second addresses the windows, seeking human-centered solutions for suicide prevention. The third and final case includes the design of a sensor room within the hospital, which aims to manage intense emotions and serves as a physical barrier against suicide attempts.Each element works together to enhance safety and support for patients. The application of these suggestions and solutions within mental healthcare facilities could help reduce the gap and show the real potential of architecture as a contributor to suicide prevention.