Understanding the influence of microstructure on the evolution of dislocations is fundamental for accurately simulating material behavior during plastic deformation. This study investigates the effects of solutes and precipitates on the strain hardening behavior of aluminum alloys. Compression tests are performed on the aluminum alloys 6016 and 6061 after various artificial aging treatments, as well as on two binary systems, AlSi and AlMg, which are solutionized to evaluate their fundamental microstructural properties. This approach assesses how changes in solute concentration and precipitation states affect dislocation dynamics, particularly focusing on dislocation generation and annihilation processes critical for work-hardening and dynamic recovery. Measured flow curves are modeled using the thermo-kinetic software package MatCalc and an extended Kocks-Mecking approach to evaluate the dependency of model parameters on the material state. The study specifically examines the roles of silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) solutes on the dislocation behavior, emphasizing their impact on the mechanical response in aluminum. The findings are cross-referenced with state-ofthe-art constitutive modeling theories, offering enhanced insights into the interaction between microstructure and deformation behavior. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of how tailored microstructural engineering can improve formability and overall performance in aluminum alloys.