Field and numerical study of transverse crack in JPCP with misalignment and non-greased dowels

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of dowel lubrication and positioning on the performance of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCPs) through field evaluations, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling. Field observations of a JPCP section revealed transverse cracking near a bridge transition zone, attributed to the absence of dowel lubrication and misalignment. Laboratory pull-out tests demonstrated that unlubricated dowels exhibited significantly higher friction, restricting movement within the joint, which inhibited natural slab expansion and contraction. In contrast, lubricated dowels allowed smoother movement, reducing pull-out forces and enhancing joint performance. The findings emphasize that dowel lubrication has a more substantial impact on joint functionality than misalignment, especially during the early stages of pavement life when concrete is less stiff and more prone to cracking.