Simulation of Pavement Texture and Skeleton Characteristics of the Wearing Layer using Discrete Element Method

Abstract

To explore the texture and skeletal characteristics of the wearing layer, discrete element 3D models of the wearing layer were established. The texture characteristics were analyzed by different texture parameters, such as Estimate Mean Texture Depth (EMTD). The skeleton structure was analyzed based on contact force analysis, average coordination, and normal contact force distribution. This study indicated that the proportion of coarse and fine aggregates determines the texture and skeletal characteristics. The densegraded mixture has the smallest texture structure, while the EMTD of gap-graded and open-graded mixture increased by 60% and 100% compared to dense-graded mixture respectively. EMTD decreases by approximately 10-20% for each level of nominal maximum size of aggregates decrease. Mixtures with a larger proportion of coarse and fine aggregates have better skeleton stability. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and consider design indicators related to the ratio of coarse and fine aggregates during the design process.