dc.description.abstract
The City of Vienna is pursuing the goal of covering around 85% of all journeys in the extended envi-ronmental network—consisting of public transport, cycling, walking, and sharing and pooling services—by 2030. With motorized private transport accounting for 50% of the modal split of residents in the 23rd district in the period 2015-2019, Liesing is still well below the target level. This work is dedicated to analyzing the factors influencing the choice of transport in Vienna's 23rd district and developing measures to increase the share of environmentally friendly modes of transport.To answer the first research question, which examines the causes of the low proportion of sustainable modes of transport in Liesing, literature research and an analysis of the urban structure of the 23rd district were carried out. The influencing parameters were classified according to De Witte et al. This revealed that a combination of several sociodemographic, spatial, and travel-specific indicators explains the deviation in the distribution of transport mode choice in the 23rd district from the Vienna average. Relevant factors influencing the choice of transport in Liesing include a lower level of education, larger household composition, higher car availability, and low population density compared to the Vienna average. Limited diversity in land use and attractiveness of the environment in terms of cycle paths and footpaths, as well as a lack of proximity to infrastructure and services, were also identified. In addition, low public transport frequencies, a wide range of parking options, long distances to be covered, long travel times, and unfavorable transfer conditions are factors that promote motorized private transport in the 23rd district. Based on these findings, four scenarios were developed to answer the second research question—which measures in the 23rd district can contribute to increasing the share of environmentally friendly modes of transport—representing corresponding options for action. Scenario 1 involves developing Liesing into a 15-minute city and improving footpaths, scenario 2 involves expanding the cycling infrastructure, scenario 3 involves expanding public transport, and scenario 4 involves a combination of all three measures. Traffic generation, traffic distribution, and traffic allocation are modeled based on the approach developed by Schnabel and Lohse. The previously identified key influencing factors are divided into “influenceable” and “non-influenceable” factors. The influencing factors that are decisive and influenceable are used to answer the second research question. These are the parameters: diversity in land use and attractiveness of the environment, proximity to infrastructure and services, frequency of public transport, parking facilities, travel time, and transfer conditions. These influence indicators are represented in the form of resistance parameters for the modeling of the scenarios. The effects of the various measures on the choice of transport mode are analyzed by specifically modifying these parameters.In scenario 1, the expansion of Liesing into a 15-minute city and the improvement of pedestrian infrastructure lead to an 18% reduction in motorized private transport. As expected, the biggest shift is towards pedestrian traffic, which increases by 13%. The share of public transport increases by 5%, and that of cycling by 1%. The improvement of cycling infrastructure in scenario 2 results in an overall increase of 23% in environmentally friendly modes of transport. Cycling records the strongest growth (+26%), while the share of walking decreases by 2% and public transport remains unchanged. In scenario 3, the expansion of the public transport network leads to a 10% increase in the share of eco-friendly modes of transport. The share of public transport increases by 14%, while walking declines slightly (-3%). The combined implementation of all measures in scenario 4 results in the most significant change: the share of eco-friendly modes of transport increases from 50% to 80%, which corresponds to an increase of 30%. The largest gains are observed in cycling (+18%) and public transport (+11%), while the share of walking remains constant. A significant increase in the share of environmentally friendly modes of transport in the 23rd district can only be achieved through a comprehensive package of measures. Individual improvements, such as to cycle paths and footpaths, have a limited effect. Only the combined promotion of walking, cycling, and public transport can drive forward the mobility transition in Liesing and support Vienna's goal of 85% of journeys being made by environmentally friendly means of transport by 2030.
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