<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Etl, C., Ballicchia, M., Nedjalkov, M., & Kosina, H. (2026). Gauge-invariant Wigner equation for electromagnetic fields:Strong and weak formulation. <i>Physics Letters A</i>, <i>565</i>, Article 131127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2025.131127</div>
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dc.identifier.issn
0375-9601
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dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12708/226313
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dc.description.abstract
Gauge-invariant Wigner theory describes the quantum-mechanical evolution of charged particles in phase space, which is spanned by position and kinetic momentum. This approach uses the electromagnetic field variables instead of the electrodynamic potentials. Several approaches to derive a gauge-invariant Wigner evolution equation have been reported, which are generally complex. This work presents a new formulation for a single electron in a general electromagnetic field, which simplifies existing formulations. First, a gauge-dependent equation is derived using Moyal's formulation. A transformation of the Wigner function introduced by Stratonovich yields the strong form of the gauge-invariant equation. Expressing the pseudo-differential operators by integral operators gives the weak form of the gauge-invariant equation. An analysis of the different properties of the gauge-invariant equation is given, as well as the different requirements for the regularity and asymptotic behavior of the strong and weak forms.
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dc.description.sponsorship
FWF - Österr. Wissenschaftsfonds
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dc.language.iso
en
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dc.publisher
ELSEVIER
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dc.relation.ispartof
Physics Letters A
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dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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dc.subject
Gauge-invariance
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dc.subject
Quantum electron transport
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dc.subject
Single electron dynamics
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dc.subject
Weyl–Stratonovich transform
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dc.subject
Wigner theory
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dc.title
Gauge-invariant Wigner equation for electromagnetic fields:Strong and weak formulation