Unit Disk Representations of Embedded Trees, Outerplanar and Multi-legged Graphs

Abstract

A unit disk intersection representation (UDR) of a graph G represents each vertex of G as a unit disk in the plane, such that two disks intersect if and only if their vertices are adjacent in G. A UDR with interior-disjoint disks is called a unit disk contact representation (UDC). We prove that it is NP-hard to decide if an outerplanar graph or an embedded tree admits a UDR. We further provide a linear-time decidable characterization of caterpillar graphs that admit a UDR. Finally we show that it can be decided in linear time if a lobster graph admits a weak UDC, which permits intersections between disks of non-adjacent vertices.