Wintersberger, P., Schartmüller, C., Shadeghian, S., Frison, A.-K., & Riener, A. (2021). Evaluation of Imminent Take-Over Requests With Real Automation on a Test Track. Human Factors, 001872082110514. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211051435
E193-04 - Forschungsbereich Artifact-based Computing & User Research
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Journal:
Human Factors
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ISSN:
0018-7208
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Date (published):
2021
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Number of Pages:
17
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Publisher:
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
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Peer reviewed:
Yes
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Keywords:
automated vehicles; automated driving; handover; Behavioral Neuroscience; Human Factors and Ergonomics; driver take-over; take-over request; Applied Psychology
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Abstract:
Objective: Investigating take-over, driving, non-driving related task (NDRT) performance, and trust of conditionally automated vehicles (AVs) in critical transitions on a test track. Background: Most experimental results addressing driver take-over were obtained in simulators. The presented experiment aimed at validating relevant findings while uncovering potential effects of motion cues and real risk. Method: Twenty-two participants responded to four critical transitions on a test track. Non-driving related task modality (reading on a handheld device vs. auditory) and takeover timing (cognitive load) were varied on two levels. We evaluated take-over and NDRT performance as well as gaze behavior. Further, trust and workload were assessed with scales and interviews. Results: Reaction times were significantly faster than in simulator studies. Further, reaction times were only barely affected by varying visual, physical, or cognitive load. Post-takeover control was significantly degraded with the handheld device. Experiencing the system reduced participants' distrust, and distrusting participants monitored the system longer and more frequently. NDRTs on a handheld device resulted in more safety-critical situations. Conclusion: The results confirm that take-over performance is mainly influenced by visual-cognitive load, while physical load did not significantly affect responses. Future takeover request (TOR) studies may investigate situation awareness and post-take-over control rather than reaction times only. Trust and distrust can be considered as different dimensions in AV research. Application: Conditionally AVs should offer dedicated interfaces for NDRTs to provide an alternative to using nomadic devices. These interfaces should be designed in a way to maintain drivers' situation awareness. Pr' ecis: This paper presents a test track experiment addressing conditionally automated driving systems. Twenty-two participants responded to critical TORs, where we varied NDRT modality and take-over timing. In addition, we assessed trust and workload with standardized scales and interviews.
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Research Areas:
Automation and Robotics: 50% Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology: 50%