The Activation Energy of Strain Bursts during Nanoindentation Creep on Polyethylene

Abstract

In the present investigation, statistical characterization of strain bursts observed during the load-controlled deformation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which arise within the crystalline phase during plastic deformation, was carried out via high-resolution nanoindentation creep experiments. Discrete deformation processes occurred during the nanoindentation creep tests, which indicated that they arose from the break-off of dislocation avalanches, i.e., dislocation climb is a possible mechanism for indentation creep deformation. Characterization of the strain bursts, in terms of the associated height and number, demonstrated that these quantities followed a Gaussian distribution depending on the load and loading rate. This analysis enabled the accurate measurement of creep activation energy. Our method used nanoindentation tests to measure the creep activation energy of HDPE within both the crystalline and amorphous phases. The activation energy of the creep process within the crystalline phase was evaluated using two methods. The frequency of jumps within the crystalline phase, as a function of the strain rate, showed two peaks related to the 5 nm and 10 nm jump sizes that corresponded to the block size within the crystalline lamellae. The results indicated that the intervals coincided with the mean free path of dislocations and the block grain boundaries acted as dislocation barriers. From the dependence of burst frequency on the strain rate and temperature, the activation energy and thermally activated length of the dislocation segment for the plastic slip activation were determined to be 0.66 eV and 20 nm, respectively. Both numbers fit well to the Peterson's model for the nucleation and motion of thermally activated dislocation segments. A similar activation energy resulted from the differential mechanical analysis of the literature for the αI-transition, which occurred near room temperature in polyethylene. The transition was described as the generation of screw dislocation and its motion along a block grain boundary; therefore, this process is suggested to be the basic mechanism underlying the strain bursts observed in this study.