As the human population is rising, the need for novel food approaches and a reduction of greenhouse gas emission is steadily increasing in importance. An approach to tackle both concerns would be microalgal cultivation. Microalgae can be cultivated on non-arable land and require less space than the production of currently established protein sources, such as meat and soy. Feed manufacturing via Chlorella vulgaris results in products being high in unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, C. vulgaris protein content includes all essential amino acids needed for a balanced human and animal nutrition and simultaneously fixates atmospheric CO2. However, the cultivation of microalgae in a sustainable and economically viable manner still phases major challenges. To reduce production costs and increase obtained biomass concentrations, hydrolysates from abundantly available lignocellulosic waste streams, could be used as substrates for heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivations of Chlorella vulgaris. In this presentation, I discuss the impact of different oligomeric and monomeric sugar concentrations of wheat straw hydrolysates on the biomass composition of Chlorella vulgaris. A successful implementation of wheat straw hydrolysates as a substrate for microalgal cultivation could be demonstrated. Comparing mixotrophic to standard photoautotrophic cultivation showed a 1.5 fold increase in biomass production whilst repurposing those waste streams. Presented results thus demonstrate an alternative utilization for lignocellulosic hydrolysates, generate novel foods, while fixating CO2.