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<div class="csl-entry">Höschel, K., & Lakshminarayanan, V. (2018). Genetic algorithms for lens design: a review. <i>Journal of Optics</i>, <i>48</i>, 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-018-0497-3</div>
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Genetic algorithms (GAs) have a long history of over four decades. GAs are adaptive heuristic search algorithms that provide solutions for optimization and search problems. The GA derives expression from the biological terminology of natural selection, crossover, and mutation. In fact, GAs simulate the processes of natural evolution. Due to their unique simplicity, GAs are applied to the search space to find optimal solutions for various problems in science and engineering. Using GAs for lens design was investigated mostly in the 1990s, but were not fully exploited. But in the past few years, there have been a number of newer studies exploring the application of GAs or hybrid GAs in optical design. In this paper, we discuss the basic ideas behind GAs and demonstrate their application in optical lens design.
