dc.description.abstract
A predominant issue of the 21st century is the employment of fossil fuels, for transport, energy and as feedstock for many important chemicals, which all lead to their to detrimental impact on the environment. In addition, they are utilized for the production of everyday plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and (low density) polyethylene ((LD)PE).Their abatement is a further concern, as a majority is deposited onto landfills, slowly degrading to microplastics, which are particles constituting less than 5 mm in size. Their precarious impact on both the environment and health are yet to be fully established. In recent years, photoreforming, which describes the simultaneous generation of solar fuels, such as H2 and CH4, and the upcycling of plastics to high-value-added chemicals, has gained a lot of interest.In this work, the concepts of photoreforming were studied by investigating the effect of temperature, substrate, irradiation source, presence of a co-catalyst on TiO2, and atmospheric conditions on the process. Hereby, the focus was set on the comparison between room temperature (RT) and 70°C, UV irradiation and a broad-band Xe lamp, neat P25-TiO2 and the one with Pt as co-catalyst examining PET, PP and LDPE as substrate. The reaction solution waseither purged with He, for inert conditions and investigation of the gaseous products, or compressed air (CA), to expedite oxidation of the investigated substrate and analysis of products in the liquid phase. Furthermore, the feasibility for future industrial application was also of interest, thus experiments in an upscaled manner were additionally conducted.My results demonstrate that all studied microplastic sources could be successfully processed by means of photocatalysis, resulting in a mixture of high-value products. In addition, the established methodology has provided reproducible results and a scaleup was achieved. Both exalted temperature and the employment of Pt resulted in the highest quantities of H2 (1,42 μmol/h) andCH4 (0,09 μmol/h). Moreover, no beneficial impact of CA on the degradation of the substrates could be concluded, which shows that direct hole transfer is the predominant oxidation pathway for the investigated samples. When analysing liquid-phase products, oxalic acid (OA), acetic acid (AA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were found, with the highest conversion rates presented by AA (15,8%) and EG (9,5%). However, no direct correlation to the applied parameters of the respective samples could for now be established.
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