Dynamical quasicondensation in the weakly interacting Fermi-Hubbard model

Abstract

We study dynamical (quasi)condensation in the Fermi-Hubbard model starting from a completely uncorrelated initial state of adjacent doubly occupied sites. We show that upon expansion of the system in one dimension, dynamical (quasi)condensation occurs not only for large interactions via the condensation of doublons, but also for small interactions. The behavior of the system is distinctly different in the two parameter regimes, underlining a different mechanism at work. We address the question of whether the dynamical (quasi)condensation effect persists in the thermodynamic limit. For this purpose, we use the time-dependent two-particle reduced density matrix method, which allows the extension to large system sizes, long propagation times, and two-dimensional (2D) systems. Our results indicate that the effect vanishes in the thermodynamic limit. However, especially in 2D, further investigation beyond numerically tractable system sizes calls for the use of quantum simulators, for which we show that the described effect can be investigated by probing density fluctuations.