Potential of carbon capture usage technologies in Austria: : A qualitative assessment

Abstract

Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) is emerging as a transformative technology to combat climate change by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and converting them into valuable products, thereby reducing their environmental impact. This study focuses on the potential of CCU technology in Austria, examining its role in decarbonizing industries and achieving environmental objectives while considering Austria's specific needs, policies, Technology Readiness Level (TRL), and societal acceptance. Innovative CCU technologies are in the early stages of development and face cost challenges, with CO2 capture expenses varying widely, ranging from €44 million to over €200 million. These economic hurdles hinder the widespread adoption of CCU in industries such as iron, steel, and cement, primarily due to substantial initial capital expenditures (CAPEX). However, Austria has identified promising pathways for CO2 utilization that align with its environmental goals. One such pathway involves the mineral carbonation of steel slag, which captures CO2while converting it into valuable calcium carbonate for construction materials, reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability. Additionally, producing plastics from CO2 offers another avenue, creating sustainable materials and mitigating climate change. These pathways play a pivotal role in fulfilling Austria's environmental objectives, contributing to reduced carbon footprints and sustainable resource use. Austria's commitment to achieving a 100% renewable energy mix by 2030 enhances the feasibility and significance of CCU technologies. Nevertheless, several obstacles impede CCU adoption in Austria's industrial sector, including high upfront costs, uncertainty regarding carbon pricing and policies, and the need for technological advancements. To address these challenges and promote CCU adoption, Austria should consider tailored policies, such as subsidies, tax incentives, and carbon pricing mechanisms, while providing regulatory certainty. Fostering research and development efforts to advance CCU technology, improve efficiency, and reduce costs is crucial. Additionally, creating partnerships between the government, academia, and industry can facilitate knowledge sharing and innovation in the CCU sector, ensuring Austria accelerates its transition toward a sustainable industrial landscape. In essence, CCU offers significant emissions reduction potential through integration with renewables, CO2 capture from high-emission industries, circular economy principles, carbon pricing, technological advancements, rigorous lifecycle assessments, and sustainable product demand. Effective CCU hinges on secure, long-term fossil CO2 storage in products while minimizing additional emissions during manufacturing, needing comprehensive LCAs. Key products for emission reduction via CCU include construction materials, plastics, chemicals, and fossil-based product alternatives. Overall, CCU holds promise in combating climate change, transforming the carbon economy, and promoting sustainability, demanding a thorough evaluation of our transition to a greener future.