Increased Electric Vehicles Induced Damage on Flexible Pavement in Arid Climates

Abstract

The transition to Electric Vehicles (EVs), particularly in regions like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), presents both environmental benefits and unique challenges for transportation infrastructure. This study examines the impact of heavy-duty EV adoption on flexible pavements in the UAE, where increased axle loads from EV battery weights are expected to accelerate pavement deterioration. Using the Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) design method, the effects of partial replacement of Class 5 Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles with Class 5 EVs on pavement performance are analyzed. Results indicate that the increased load demands of EVs lead to premature fatigue cracking and a shorter pavement lifespan. Enhanced asphalt mixtures, such as high polymer and rubber-modified binders, were tested to improve pavement durability, showing that both options could extend service life with minimal additional thickness. Findings suggest that while polymer-modified materials provide significant durability improvements, cost-benefit analysis is necessary to optimize binder choice for long-term infrastructure sustainability.