Carbon footprint of local authorities in France

Abstract

Faced with the growing challenges of climate change, local authorities in France play a central role in implementing the energy and ecological transition. The Bilan Carbone method, a tool created by the ADEME (Agency of the Environment and Energy Management). It is a public institution depending on different Ministries such as the Ecological Transition Ministry and the Economy Ministry [23]. The goal with this tool was to assess greenhouse gas emissions produced by companies and local authorities, and is now an essential lever to guide local public policies and companies toward carbon neutrality. This thesis examines how French local authorities are using this tool, both in methodological and strategic terms. Through an analysis of current regulations, methods used, and case studies, this work highlights obstacles, levers, and real impacts brought by the implementation of this assessment method. The thesis concludes with recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of French local authorities in their energy and ecological transition.