The aviation industry is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions, posing a significant challenge to global climate mitigation efforts. In response, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) have emerged as a viable alternative to conventional jet fuels, offering the potential to significantly reduce lifecycle emissions without requiring significant changes to existing aircraft or infrastructure. Among the various production pathways, thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic waste via solar-driven pyrolysis presents a promising, low-emission route for SAF generation. Austria, with its abundant agricultural and forestry residues and increasing investment in renewable energy, is uniquely positioned to develop decentralized, biomass-based fuel systems aligned with European Union climate targets. However, efficient supply chain network design for SAF production requires a robust optimization framework that balances economic viability, logistical feasibility, and environmental sustainability. This study presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing a sustainable aviation fuel supply chain network (SAFSCN) focusing on Austria. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) framework is developed to support the decentralized deployment of Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) plants for SAF production. Four lignocellulosic feedstocks, identified in Annex IX of the Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II) as bio-based and low-cost waste materials, are selected to replace conventional Jet A-1 fuel. The objective function minimizes the total system costs, including feedstock procurement, transportation, storage, operational, and capital expenditures associated with solar-powered pyrolysis, while accounting for revenue generated from SAF and biochar as valuable co-products. The model evaluates two time horizons: mid-term, 2030, and long-term, 2050, while a sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the availability of each feedstock by ±0.1% and ±0.2%, to assess the robustness of the proposed supply chain under fluctuating biomass supplies. This methodological framework provides a strategic foundation for developing SAF pathways from agricultural residues and wood wastes, supporting evidence-based policy design and supply chain planning. The results offer actionable insights for aligning national strategies with EU climate and energy directives, thereby contributing to the broader decarbonization goals of the aviation sector.