Enhancing Conceptual Design with BIM-enabled 3D Sketching : A Sketch-to-BIM Workflow in Civil Engineering and Architecture Education

Abstract

BIM is now widely in use and expected to become a key driver for the implementation of industry 4.0 technologies in AECO. However, BIM's adoption in early design stages is limited, despite its potential to enhance collaboration and efficiency. Authoring design platforms focus on the creation of detailed building models, neglecting tools for inspirational design preliminaries. This user study investigates a Sketch-to-BIM workflow for enhanced conceptual design with BIM-enabled 3D sketching. The workflow aims to provide a seamless workflow for the creation of preliminary BIM models that support both creative and analytical exploration. Embedded in an integral design studio, architecture and civil engineering students implemented the workflow during the conceptual design stage. After completing training on a 3D sketching interface, specific Sketch-to-BIM instructions for the semi-automated generation of IFC models from sketched 3D data were given. The study found that the workflow impacted the participant’s designs to create in-depth concepts over just form finding. Students rated the efficiency of the proposed workflow higher than traditional BIM tools, though usability issues persist. Future improvements should enhance user experience and address greater range of application and available analysis tools.