A Basic Framework for Design and Optimization of 3D-Printed Bone-Integrated Foreleg Prostheses for Equines

Abstract

Horses are frequently exposed to the risk of injuries in daily activities or sports, some requiring special medical intervention or even surgery. Complex or severe injuries such as comminuted fractures or suspensory ligament ruptures often result in long-term complications or euthanasia due to insufficient rehabilitation options. This study explores a bioinspired engineering approach to equine prosthetics, investigating the feasibility of a structurally refined alternative to conventional socket-based solutions. Current prosthetic systems, which rely on soft-tissue socket interfaces, are associated with limitations such as delayed post-operative usability, unstable load transmission, and the risk of pressure-induced necrosis. To address these challenges, this research applies a biomimetic design strategy by developing a conceptual bone-anchored prosthesis tailored to the equine cannon bone. The core objective of this study is the development of a semi-automated workflow for the design and biomechanical optimization of 3D-printed bone-integrated prosthetic systems. The methodology includes anatomical and physiological parameter integration, analysis of biomechanical loading scenarios common in equine locomotion, and the derivation of design constraints from biological principles. Through Finite Element Analysis, the prosthetic concepts are assessed under varying dynamic conditions to explore functional robustness and structural integrity.