Globalization, identiying the challenges and obstacles : (case study: exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs)

Abstract

The present study aims to recognize the challenges and barriers of globalization at the present condition of Islamic Republic of Iran. Population of the study included the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs. Participants of the study included 136 exporting and importing companies from customs of Bushehr, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces of Iran. The opinions of 12 experts were used to recognize the challenges and barriers of globalization against the importing and exporting companies of Iran. Next, a questionnaire is designed accordingly and distributed among the sample. Results of the study based on the review of literature and research findings indicated that the challenges and barriers of the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs can be categorized in three general groups of cultural, economic and political challenges and barriers. Findings of the study indicated that the most important cultural challenges and barriers of globalization for the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs included cultural interactions and undermining the cultures and indigenous subcultures, cultural confusion and disorientation, imposing the dominant cultures through the media of other cultures, cultural interaction and the collapse of beliefs, attitudes, values and norms, promotion of the culture of consumerism, racism and priority of indigenous race, changing the national identity of Iranian population and Westernization. According to the results of the study the most important challenges and barriers of globalization for the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs included financial transactions and investment flows, internationalization and interdependence of financial markets and a global trading exchange, unemployment, commercial support regulations, customs and trade barriers, low economic power of the country and increased gap between the poor and the rich. Results of the study also indicated that the most significant political challenges and barriers of the exporting and importing companies of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs included changes in the international order and political system, reducing rights and political freedoms, corruption and bribery at the political level, the increasing role of human rights organizations and interference in the internal affairs of countries, the loss of legitimacy and undermining national governments legitimacy, reducing the power of public policy instruments and decline of democracy. Keywords: globalization, cultural challenges and barriers, economic challenges and barriers, political challenges and barriers