Semi-Precast Segmental Bridge Construction Method: Experimental Investigation on the Shear Transfer in Longitudinal and Transverse Direction

Abstract

Large span concrete bridges with a box-shaped girder are usually built from prefabricated concrete segments or by in-situ casting of the concrete on a scaffolding system. Both technologies have their advantages and drawbacks. Recently a new approach to the construction of such bridges which combines the advantages of both existing solutions was proposed at the TU Wien. This method uses the standard precast segmental erection methods with their high construction speed, but divides the segments into easily transportable pre-fabricated thin-walled elements to create new, lighter versions of the segments. Following the installation of these lightweight segments, they are strengthened with additional concrete in their final position in the superstructure. This paper focuses on the transmission of shear forces during construction stages. Firstly, on the level of individual segments, where rigid cross-frames are necessary to guarantee the stability of the segments and secondly, on the level of a bridge girder built from such segments, where new joint types must be developed to ensure the force transfer between the segments. Different options for the formation of cross-frames as well as shear tests on double walls and concrete panels with steel girders are shown. In this experimental series, different shear transmitting elements were compared to each other and to calculations with non-linear finite element analysis, showing that all the investigated solutions are suitable for use in thin-walled bridge segments. Several methods, including a new concept for joining thin-walled pre-fabricated elements, are described for the joints between the segments. Push-off tests with a constant lateral force were carried out to assess the shear strength and deformation behaviour. The main parameters were the joint type (wet joints: plain, grooved, keyed; dry joints), the grout type, and the lateral force level. The test results are presented and the structural behaviour is further analysed using non-linear finite-element simulations.