Ultra-short pulse laser ablation of metals: A comprehensive 3D simulation perspective enlightening novel process insights

Abstract

Intricate dynamics in ultra-short pulse laser ablation of metals necessitate deeper process understanding. This work presents an auspicious contribution in this direction, incorporating a sophisticated three-dimensional finite-volume simulation tool, building upon our previously validated models in continuous-wave laser material processing. Atop the existing multiphysics framework, a two-Temperature and a Drude absorption model has been integrated. Focused on laser ablation of copper, preliminary results unveil novel perspectives on the dynamic interaction between thermal effects and material response. Surpassing limitations inherent in one-and two-dimensional descriptions, this model distinctively captures the complex interplay of electron heating, energy transfer to the lattice, and ensuing rapid phase transitions. Crucially, it complements existing insights into ablation mechanism by illustrating the influence of elusive temperature-dependent material properties, such as density and the bulk modulus for superheated liquid metal, on the process. While still in development, these advancements mark a promising stride towards a deeper process comprehension.