Polymeric materials are ideal candidates for medical devices. They span a wide range of mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness in the range from few Pa until the MPa region), and at physiological conditions they exhibit interesting dynamics (e.g., degradability, responsivity etc.) as well as biocompatibility. Moreover, they are widely adjustable by (macro)molecular engineering. Albeit, one of their most outstanding unique selling propositionis that they can be processed by a broad spectrum of technologies (e.g. 3D printing) to tailor-make devices for specific application scenarios – one of them being patient-individual solutions. Polymer synthesis can even be performed in situ or in vivo. This talk will give an overview on our recent achievements in the field of biodegradable, biocompatible photopolymers for 3D printed patient-specific bone implants, in situ (photo)curing bioadhesives for bone fixation, hydrogels as extracellular matrix-mimicking material platforms to support tissue regeneration, and electrospun thermoplastic urethane elastomers as cardiovascular bypass grafts. Finally, our recent approaches for sustainable and self-reinforcing material platforms will be presented.