Polymers are ideal material candidates for medical devices. This is because of their wide range of mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness in the range from few Pa until the MPa region), their dynamics at physiological conditions (e.g., degradability, responsivity etc.), which are widely adjustable by (macro-)molecular engineering, their biocompatibility amongst other factors. Moreover, polymeric materials can be processed by a broad spectrum of technologies to tailor-make devices for specific application scenarios and even patient-individual solutions, e.g., by 3D printing. Polymer synthesis can even be performed in situ or in vivo. This talk gives an overview on our recent breakthroughs in the field of biodegradable, biocompatible photopolymers for 3D printed patient-specific bone implants, in situ (photo)curing bioadhesives for bone fixation, hydrogels as extracellular matrix-mimicking material platforms to support tissue regeneration and electrospun thermoplastic urethane elastomers as cardiovascular bypass grafts. Finally, our recent approaches for sustainable and self-reinforcing material platforms will be covered.