The consideration of track-bridge interaction (TBI) effects in ballasted tracks significantly influences the calculation results in the dynamic assessment of railway bridges. Concerning the implementation of the vertical and longitudinal track-bridge interaction, a wide range of different modelling options with varying degrees of complexity is available. However, a realistic consideration of TBI effects in the dynamic assessment of railway bridges is challenging due to a considerable scatter in the available dynamic characteristic values. With the overarching goal of creating an experiment-based unit consisting of a mechanical model and model- related material parameters, the dynamic behaviour of ballasted tracks is being investigated at the TU Wien using specialised large-scale test facilities. The test facilities simulate representative dynamically excited sections of a ballasted track located on a bridge, thus enabling an isolated analysis of TBI effects. The facilities are designed to allow a wide frequency range (between 1 and 25 Hz) to be investigated and to achieve acceleration levels of up to 10 m/s² in both the vertical and longitudinal directions. This contribution presents the research results of the experimental investigations of the dynamic properties of the ballasted track, which include longitudinal as well as vertical and lateral TBI effects. From the targeted experiments, model-related stiffness and damping characteristics can be derived, which are related to different kinematics (longitudinal, vertical or lateral direction), where the stiffness and damping behaviour depend on both displacement and acceleration amplitudes. The results presented in this contribution enable reliable and realistic model-related dynamic characteristic values to be generated for considering TBI effects in calculation models for practical applications. Therefore, it enables to consider the TBI effects occurring under dynamic excitation in a holistic manner in the dynamic assessment of railway bridges.