Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are widely considered a key technology for the decarbonization of the transport sector. Their rapid market expansion has been driven by declining battery costs, technological progress, and strong policy support. However, the transition to electric mobility raises important questions across the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social. From an economic perspective, the competitiveness of BEVs is influenced by several key factors, including battery and vehicle costs, electricity prices, and the availability and characteristics of charging infrastructure. Environmentally, BEVs offer significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving urban air quality, particularly when powered by low-carbon electricity. At the same time, large-scale electrification increases demand for critical raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, raising concerns about resource availability, environmental impacts of mining, and supply chain security. Social aspects, including affordability, equitable access to charging infrastructure, and regional differences in adoption, also play an important role in shaping the transition. This presentation discusses recent developments in BEV markets and examines key sustainability challenges and opportunities associated with their large-scale deployment.