Sustainable and optimal use of biomass for energy in the EU beyond 2020

Abstract

This study was an input to the EU Impact Assessment on sustainable bioenergy (SWD(2016) 418 final) to assess different policy options and revised sustainability criteria in preparation of the revised Renewable Energy Directive ((EU)2018/2001). The study presents the supply potential of EU28 sustainable biomass supply for energy purposes and assessed the evolution of demand to 2030 under the proposed policy scenarios. It is framed by the EU-wide target for renewable energy of at least 27% final energy consumption and the biomass contribution of almost two-thirds of the 28MS´s primary combined renewable energy production today which is expected to further increase through 2030. The possible future development is discussed in three scenarios: (1) Restricted: EU wood availability under the condition of stronger utilisation restrictions and larger set aside areas. Higher global competition for Extra-EU solid biomass and lack of investments in infrastructure to mobilise alternative wood biomass. Low export capacity of liquid biofuels outside the EU. (2) Reference: EU wood availability is given under today´s circumstances. Extra-EU solid biomass development follows a BAU-trend. Medium export capacity of liquid biofuels. (3) Resource: maximum possible utilisation of wood in the EU under long-term sustainable conditions. Strong development of supply and infrastructure of Extra-EU solid biomass, perennial crops cultivated for export markets. High export capacity of liquid biofuels to the EU.