Respiratory diseases affect large numbers of patients worldwide, representing one of the main causes of death in the EU. Currently available therapies are associated with high morbidity and mortality. In BioMembrOS, we follow a groundbreaking new biomimetic approach and replicate main characteristics of the most effective respiration found in vertebrates, mainly birds and fish, in order to develop membrane structures that will serve as key elements for a novel generation of artificial respiration devices. We will optimize the geometry of the to-date available membrane structures by increasing the outer surface per membrane area and by applying μ-PIV experimental flow investigations as well as CFD assisted design optimization.